What Happens During Oxidation?
In gelato, fats—especially unsaturated fats—are the most affected by oxidation, often resulting in rancidity. This reaction can be slowed or mitigated by using antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and tocopherols (vitamin E), which are common in food preservation. Heat, light, and air not only impact the flavor but also compromise the unique aromas of each gelato flavor.
Sugars, on the other hand, are more resistant to oxidation. However, in the presence of water and certain enzymes, they can ferment, producing carbon dioxide or alcohol.
Oxygen exposure can also sustain the activity of microorganisms, which may lead to spoilage and reduced shelf life.
How Artisanal Gelato Makers Combat Oxidation
The fight against oxidation relies on the expertise of gelato artisans and manufacturers of ingredients, machinery, and equipment. Common techniques include:
- Vacuum sealing
- Pasteurization and sterilization
- Use of natural, legally approved antioxidant substances
These practices help maintain the gelato’s original quality and extend its freshness.
Oxidation Effects on Artisanal Gelato
When gelato is exposed to oxygen:
- It may dry out
- Lose volume
- Appear less fresh, compromising its visual appeal and sensory quality
The way gelato is placed in the display tray matters. To reduce exposure, many gelato makers shape it with a smooth, flat surface, occasionally adding minimal decorations. This technique minimizes contact with air and improves resistance to oxidation.
The Role of Sugars in Reducing Oxidation
While oxygen cannot be completely removed from the environment, gelato makers often use reducing agents such as specific sugars to combat oxidation. Most sugars used in artisanal production—excluding sucrose—have reducing properties. Common examples include invert sugar and glucose syrups.
Display Cases: A Key to Preservation
Since the 1950s, gelato display cases have revolutionized the preservation and appeal of artisanal gelato. Despite growing interest in traditional "pozzetti" counters, modern showcases remain the most popular and effective solution. They allow customers to see the product, enhancing the experience while maintaining proper storage conditions.
Thanks to advances in technology and preservation methods, today’s display cases offer excellent temperature control and product protection. Knowing how to choose and use them effectively is crucial for every gelato professional.