The history of gelato dates back to ancient times, with the first traces of cold preparations appearing in Ancient Egypt around 2700 BC. The Egyptians used to refresh themselves with drinks mixed with snow or ice, a custom that would later spread across other Mediterranean civilizations. Other theories attribute the invention of gelato to the Ancient Romans, who developed the "nivatae potiones", a cold dessert made by mixing snow with honey and fruit juices.
In the East, ancient Chinese dynasties also created early versions of ice cream-like desserts. During the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), a drink made from goat, cow, or buffalo milk was cooked with flour and camphor, then cooled with snow or ice in iron containers. In the Arab world, the term "shrb" was developed, referring to a drink made from sugar syrup flavored with fruit, spices, flowers, and medicinal herbs. This is considered a precursor to modern sorbet.
In the Americas, it is believed that the first gelato originated in Ecuador, where ice and snow were mixed with fruit juices and milk in a large pot called a "paila".
The Invention of Modern Gelato in Italy
Despite its ancient origins, modern gelato as we know it today, developed in Italy in the 16th century. Florence, in particular, claims to be the birthplace of modern gelato, thanks to architect and stage designer Bernardo Buontalenti. In 1559, during a grand party organized in honor of Charles V of Spain, Buontalenti presented his creation: a cold dessert made from sugar, milk, cream, eggs, and a touch of wine, flavored with bergamot, lemons, and oranges. This recipe became the foundation of the famous "crema Fiorentina", now known as "gelato Buontalenti", still appreciated in the best gelaterias in Florence.
The Global Spread of Gelato
In the 18th century, gelato underwent further expansion thanks to Filippo Lenzi, an Italian who brought this delicacy to the United States. Lenzi opened the first American gelateria, contributing to the increasing popularity of gelato in the New World. Even George Washington, the first U.S. president, was a big fan of gelato and regularly served it at parties and official receptions.
In the 20th century, gelato saw another great innovation with the invention of the ice cream cone by Italo Marchioni, another Italian who emigrated to New York. In 1903, Marchioni patented the first ice cream cone, revolutionizing the way this dessert was enjoyed. Prior to this, gelato was served only in cups or on plates, but the cone allowed for a more convenient, hands-free experience.
Artisan Gelato Today
Today, artisan gelato continues to be a globally recognized gastronomic excellence. Despite the rise of industrial production, the artisanal tradition remains prestigious due to the quality of ingredients and the continuous pursuit of new flavors and combinations. Gelato is not only a delicious treat but also a product with excellent nutritional properties, able to adapt to the tastes and needs of every era. Its long and fascinating history shows how this delicacy has crossed centuries without losing its charm, captivating generation after generation.